For subtitles in a different language, open in Youtube, click the gear icon (lower - right hand corner, bottom bar) for "Settings" and make the language selection for "Subtitles" under "Auto-translate."
Transcript of Q&A with Dr. Bayram is in the blue drawer below.
Introducing Dr. Bayram (from Turkey)
Hello, my name is Ece Bayram. I’m an Assistant Project Scientist at the Department of Neurosciences, Parkinson and Other Movement Disorders Center at UC San Diego. And I am originally from Turkey, all my training, and education background is from Turkey.
Describe your research contributions...
My research is focused on sex, ethnicity, and racial differences and Parkinson's disease. So, Parkinson's disease is a neurological disorder, affecting more than 10 million people worldwide! And it is the fastest growing neurological disorder. However, despite being so common, we don't have any effective treatment strategies, and our treatments for the time being, are only limited, which just giving some relief for the symptoms, we can't actually cure, stop, slow down, or prevent the disease. So, my role in research of this disease is to understand how differences between men and women, or differences across different ethnicities/racial groups can actually help us better understand what is causing this disease, because we don't know the exact cause of this disease, and eventually/hopefully such differences will allow us to develop precision medicine, personalized medicine efforts, so we can actually cure this disease one day.
Describe your day-to-day role...
So, my day to day at work has shifted a little during the pandemic but normally in a normal world, I am a writer in a lot of the clinical trials and observational studies that we are running at our center about Parkinson's and other Parkinson disorders. So, when they come in for a visit, let's say for a drug trial, I'm usually the person that's going through the rating scales with them, making sure they're not having any problems with the drugs and just making their follow up assessments to see how things are changing over time. And apart from that, as part of the observational studies, I'm the one that is going through the cognitive testing with them all the motor examination, their neurological examination with the patients, so I get to interact with both the patients, and the care partners, and get their side of the stories, and fill out the rating scales. And then, after collecting all that data, that's going to contribute to multi sites data repositories. I get to analyze that data based on my research question, as I mentioned, I'm interested in sex and ethnicity, racial group differences….
Having the chance to interact with such unique people with this disorder, because I always think Parkinson’s disease (and diseases similar to Parkinson’s disease) for some reason impact the most amazing human beings! So, every person that I get to interact with, through my research is actually the funniest person I’ve ever met that day, they are so full of life, and it’s giving me a lot of hope and energy to actually continue my research and help me become a better person, in my personal life too. Because their stories are always so inspiring, and I’m very excited to be able to share their stories through my role here at UCSD.
How did your research bring you to UC San Diego?
I do research with human beings - so no animal or laboratory work per se for me - I actually interact with patients one on one and conduct my research like that. So, coming from a country where research is not that much supported, I actually looked into opportunities outside of Turkey, and I moved to the States (to another institution at first) and started doing my postdoctoral fellowship there. And during my time there, I met my current mentor, Dr. Irene Litvan, and following her, I actually applied to become a fellow here at UCSD, and I spent around two years as a postdoc fellow here, and then I transitioned to this new role. So, it’s basically me trying to work with this one amazing person in our field that brought me here to UCSD.
What do you miss most about your home country (Turkey)?
I miss the food! If anyone has ever been to Turkey and had the food, they are going to know what I am talking about. I miss the food so much. I keep in contact with the people that I want to be in contact with, so I miss them, but I get by. During the pandemic it’s not like we saw anyone in person even if they were our neighbors anyway. So, for me the biggest part is the food. Other than that, San Diego is one of the most amazing cities in the world and it’s a great place to be at.
What do you enjoy about living in San Diego?
The weather. You can’t beat San Diego’s weather. It’s amazing during winter and it’s amazing during summer. It never gets too hot, it never gets too cold; it’s never too humid, that you are going to get sick of it and the fact that it’s just by the ocean and its also so close to the desert. So, if you’re in the mood for not being near the ocean, and you want to have some desert time -just drive for an hour and you are there. I just love being so close to such different options and obviously the Mexican food, too. I think the Mexican food in this city is amazing, and I’m so glad I’m able to have access to all these amazing places even during this pandemic. It has definitely helped keep me alive.
Tell us a fun fact about yourself....
I am very into puzzles, like a typical nerd, maybe, but during the pandemic I actually finished, a 1000-piece puzzle that's all black, no patterns no other colors. Even the teeny tiny pieces themselves didn't have any specific differences amongst themselves to help me differentiate, so it's basically going piece by piece testing, every piece out to see which one fit with the other. So, I did that during the pandemic. And I actually am very, very proud of it, and about to get it framed….
So, I’m a huge fan of that dry humor. A Parkinson’s patient will tell you a joke, it will be hilarious, they will tell it with a straight face, and I just love it and I live for it. During every visit its one of my goals to make sure the patient leaves with having smiled at least once.
In Spring 2019, IFSO had shared research from our international scholar, Dr. Mamas, to learn about “understanding and transforming special and inclusive education (below)." We reached out and inquired about life and research during the pandemic from a scholar’s perspective. Dr. Mamas shares his experiences:
Q: A summary as to how your research has been affected by the pandemic
A: No doubt, my research has been affected by the ongoing pandemic. Most of my research work is typically taking place in schools, locally and internationally. As a result of the pandemic, schools all around the globe shut, therefore collecting data in the traditional sense has been extremely difficult. My research collaborators, including teachers, principals and school districts have focused their energies on transitioning to an online teaching mode. As anticipated, research activities have been put on hold as schools have been spending their resources on online teaching.
Another aspect of my research work that has been influenced negatively is my ability to attend conferences and international meetings. Most of the conferences in my field had either been canceled or offered online.
Doing research however is not only about data collection and presentations in conferences. I can say that I have been spending a lot of my time writing up papers with previously collected data. In this regard, I feel grateful for having some extra time to write and publish new papers.
Q: A paragraph describing your current experience at UC San Diego
A: The pandemic came with a lot of challenges but some opportunities too. Transitioning to working remotely has been an interesting experience but I do miss working on our vibrant campus. Spending a lot of hours at home is a challenge for various reasons. The most important reason for me is the social isolation, as I live alone. Not having the ability to physically meet with friends as often and not seeing colleagues and students is really something that I miss. Another challenge is spending a lot of hours seated in front of a computer screen. I try to get some exercise in every day, but I have noticed that I need to be doing more.
Q: A couple of sentences as to how the pandemic has affected your transition to San Diego
A: As an international scholar, I find the pandemic particularly challenging. Not being able to do international travel for some time is very hard as I couldn't visit my family and friends back home. When I managed to travel eventually, coming back to San Diego was extremely difficult due to the various travel restrictions and regulations. I do hope that this pandemic will be behind us soon and that we can get back to campus soon.
Q: A summary of your research
A: My research focuses on understanding and transforming special and inclusive education. I am interested in exploring students’ social networks, therefore how students connect to each other in terms of friendships or other types of relationships. One of the main aspects of my work is to identify students who are at higher risk of social isolation and exclusion and work with practitioners to reduce that risk and enhance the inclusivity of learning environments.
Overall, my research is concerned with how schools can become more socially and emotionally responsive spaces in which all students, and particularly those who are traditionally marginalized and underserved, feel welcomed, happy and secure to achieve and succeed. To accomplish this, I actively partner up and work with practitioners, school leaders and administrators. I also conduct a lot of research internationally and have a lot of active partnerships with universities and colleagues in many countries.
Q: A couple of sentences describing why you chose UC San Diego
A: I chose UC San Diego primarily because it is a high-quality public research institution. I moved to UC San Diego in September 2015 to work and conduct research with an accomplished and internationally renowned professor - Dr. Alan J. Daly, who was back then the Chair of the Education Studies Department. Of course, the climate of San Diego was also a factor why I immediately fell in love with the city!
From the scholar’s perspective
Q: A summary of your research
A: Insects are well known for the benefits they provide to the ecosystem such as pollination or their role in the food chain. However, insects may also have unfavorable effects in agriculture or human health. For instance, the Asian Citrus Psyllid is an invasive insect which feeds on citrus plants (i.e. oranges, lemons) and transmits a bacterium that kills the plants, affecting farmers in the citrus industry. On the other hand, diseases such as Zika, West Nile encephalitis, and malaria cause millions of deaths each year and are transmitted by mosquitoes. Current insect control strategies such as insecticides, physical barriers, or biological control cannot be fully implemented in all scenarios. My research is focused on developing genetic-based methods for insect control that can be used to complement current strategies. For example, genetic strategies can be used to reduce insect pest populations without killing other species. One solution would be to generate controlled changes on specific insect genes to produce sterile males that are able to seek and mate with females (in the wild) affecting the number of viable offspring. A similar outcome can be obtained by modifying certain genes to produce females with a reduced fertility. I am interested in creating tools to facilitate the genetic manipulation of insects and to apply those methods to develop innovative genetic-based control strategies.
Q: A couple of sentences as to why you chose UC San Diego
A: Professor Omar Akbari’s research continuously makes innovative contributions to the field of insect genetics, especially mosquito genetics. At UC San Diego, I’m surrounded by faculty recognized for their scientific expertise; it is a great place to enhance my knowledge in insect genetics UC San Diego offers a challenging work experience. It allows me to expand my scientific view in the insect-genetics field.
From the spouse’s perspective
Q: A summary of your day in San Diego
A: I take care of my toddler and we do different activities such as swimming in the pool, going to parks, receiving visits from friends, playing games, singing songs, reading books, etc. I also go to activities organized by IFSO such as “Mommy, Daddy and me” and the program for English conversation. Weekends vary because we do different activities including going to the beach, shopping for groceries, visiting Sea World, the zoo or other tourist attractions.
Q: A couple of sentences describing what you enjoy when you are on campus
A: When I’m on campus I really enjoy watching students achieve their academic goals in a very nice place like UC San Diego; it reminds me of myself years ago trying to do the same. When I go to campus, I usually go with my toddler; she is happy watching people and birds, or just running on the grass. I like to imagine her in an academic environment like this, taking her life with freedom and responsibility. That is something that pleases me a lot. I enjoy meeting my husband on campus after his long day of work. I am proud of him, and to be on campus as a family makes me feel like I’m a part of what he is doing in some way.
Q: How do programs such as Mommy, Daddy, and Me help with transitioning to life in San Diego?
A: When you are in a new place, it is very nice to meet people in the same situation. In some way, this kind of program allows you to have fun with your children and to meet people, share experiences and make friends. In my specific case, it is nice having my daughter, who is always with me, watching, learning and sharing with other kids; I think that is very important for her development and adaptation to this new life.
Q: Are there additional programs or resources that you would recommend to a friend to assist in transitioning to life in San Diego?
A: I definitively recommend English-in-Action conversation program. I think it is one of the best ways to practice English with someone who shares your interests. You are not just learning from talks, but from experiences together in an environment of confidence and cultural immersion. That helps a lot in transitioning processes. The Kitchen Exchange is a great option for International post-doctoral fellows, visiting scholars, and faculty who are staying at UC San Diego for one year or less, and need kitchen stuff and baby items for rent. The items cost is affordable, they are in a very good condition, and that helps a lot when you are expecting to stay a short time in the area. This way you don’t have to worry about what to do with the household items when you need to leave, because you just return them.
(Q): A summary of your research - understandable to those outside your field of expertise.
I am an Associate Project Scientist at the Center for Energy Research and work on experimental plasma physics. Plasma is the state of matter typically achieved at very high temperatures (hundreds of thousands to millions of degrees C) when gasses become ionized and show collective behavior. All the stars are big balls of plasmas. Auroras and
In our laboratory we use a linear cylindrical magnetized plasma device to experimentally simulate the conditions of the edge region of a thermonuclear fusion device. Our research encompasses two broad topics: “plasma turbulence and transport” and “
Our work directly impacts the design and operation of future thermonuclear fusion reactors. While working to achieve this goal, a lot of other associated benefits have been discovered. I call them “positive side effects”. For one example, the study of radio-frequency sources that are used to produce dense plasmas for the research in our lab, have also led to the development of plasma etchers, which are crucial to the semiconductor industry. Without these plasma etchers, there would be no laptops or cellular phones. The development and popularization of plasma etchers in the late 1990s is the primary reason for the subsequent personal computer (and laptops and smart phones) boom in the 2000s. Without plasma etchers, we would go back to the 1980s with computers the size of large cabinets! Plasmas also have lots of industrial applications and hence our graduate students are sought by General Atomics, Lockheed Martin, Northrop Grumman, NASA, JPL, MIT, Princeton etc. I also personally love training undergraduate students, working with high school interns in our laboratory and participating in outreach programs in local science fairs, middle and high schools and community colleges.
(Q): Why did you choose UC San Diego?
(A) In the final year of my Ph. D. program (at West Virginia University) Prof. George Tynan offered me a Postdoctoral Scholar position to work in his laboratory at UC San Diego. Prof. Tynan is a renowned plasma physicist and during the campus interview I liked the experimental devices. This made my decision to join UCSD very easy. Since then I have stayed in this field of research.
(Q): An anecdote in transitioning to life in San Diego.
(A) While planning to move to San Diego (from Morgantown, a relatively small university-based town in West Virginia) I got a reality check when I looked for housing online. For a few days I thought I was being duped, as the housing prices were more than double of that at Morgantown! Only after coming to San Diego I realized that we pay for the location, the weather and probably one of the best cities to live in the USA. The wonderful beaches, mountains to hike (San Jacinto and San Bernardino are my favorites), lack of shoveling (the snow), bike friendly roads, a nice soccer culture and a wonderful research group with wonderful colleagues make it worth the experience of living and working in San Diego.
Q: A summary of your research
(Q): A summary of your research - understandable to those outside your field of expertise.
(A): My lab research is in surgical robotics and robot learning. We take both a physical prototyping approach to solving these problems, as well as a computational approach. For surgical robotics, we design new minimally invasive, endoscopic or snake-like robotic instruments and systems to perform diagnostic and therapeutic tasks deep within the body – far deeper than conventional tools would be able to access. These robotic tools enable enhanced dexterity far beyond current capabilities and offer a platform for autonomous surgical tasks: robot-enhanced biopsy, foreign bodies removal, ablation therapy, and tumor resection. These tasks, with robot control, could be done under real-time medical image-guidance at sub-millimeter precisions which go beyond human capabilities.
Computationally, we are interested in how a robot learns to control themselves in an effective way --- i.e. what is the architecture for learning robust and useful behaviors --- which involve topics in deep reinforcement learning and robot planning. Much of this has to do with reinforcement learning, which involves a robotic system learning to behave through interactions with the environment and collecting experience. Our interest stems in finding data-efficient reinforcement learning for safety-critical tasks: i.e. robots should learn quickly (so a library of tasks can be learned efficiently), safely (to avoid wear and tear and to avoid damaging themselves or the environment), and generally (so that learned features can be transferred to new tasks).
While my lab, the Advanced Robotics and Controls Lab, was established less than three years ago, our research has led to the development of millimeter diameter flexible robotic catheters and endoscopes that can navigate deep within the human body and through conventional scopes (such as
(Q): Why did you choose UC San Diego?
(A): UC San Diego offered the strongest intersection of opportunities in machine learning, robotics, and medicine. Indeed, with the world-class UCSD Medical School, the Contextual Robotics Institute, and the Halıcıoğlu Data Science Institutes, as well as the surrounding community of high-tech biomedical startups and military contractors, the opportunities for robotics and medical devices development puts it within the top three places in the U.S. to do this type of research. Finally, with support and interest in robotics in general across all levels of governance (i.e. Chancellor’s Office to student body), the decision was easy. There is also a hunger for engagement between local industry – who wish to build San Diego into a U.S. robotics hub that I only appreciated when I arrived, and I am excited about the opportunities to work with the many local companies, large and small, in making San Diego the premier robotics destination.
(Q): An anecdote in transitioning to life in San Diego.
(A): Life in San Diego is a joy and transitioning here has been relatively painless. There is a diverse set of cultures in the area, unmatched outdoor life, close proximities to most amenities, and fantastic and diverse food options. The only challenge is to make sure that you have the time outside of work to enjoy all that San Diego has to offer!
Dr. Miguel Gonca comes from Maputo, Mozambique. He was born in the city of Xai - Xai located in Gaza, a province of Mozambique. He is a medical doctor, doing residency in Maputo Central Hospital, in internal medicine - second year.
He is in San Diego doing a rotation for 3 months through the exchange program between Maputo Central Hospital and UCSD. He is gaining skills and knowledge that will benefit his clinical mission in Mozambique. What he likes most so far in San Diego is the San Diego Zoo, where he saw the pandas. What he likes the most at UCSD is the degree of organization and attendance system and provision of health care to patients as well as the relationship between health professionals and petients.
Jérémy Lemarié is a visiting graduate student from France in the Department of Sociology at Paris West University of Nanterre la Défense. At UC San Diego’s Department of Anthropology, he is carrying out fieldwork in Southern California for his Ph.D. thesis that deals with the political, economic and religious aspects of surfing.
Having received two B.A. and M.A. degrees in Sociology and History, Jérémy grounds his research in long-term historical analysis. His studies compare indigenous and Western representations of surfing since Captain Cook’s discovery of Hawaii in 1778. With a focus on mores and sensibilities, he points out interactions between human and nature drawing on concepts of “reenchantment” and “oceanic feeling” to understand sustainable management of natural resources.
This project started from an exchange program with CSU-Long Beach, in which Jérémy conducted research in Huntington Beach, “Surf City USA,” on urban planning, city branding and commoditization of surfing. He interviewed local surfers to understand the impact of urbanization and globalization on communities and subcultures with a focus on coastal development and environmentalism. He is now an affiliate researcher at the SDSU Center for Surf Research and works on surf tourism through the lens of cross-cultural diffusions between indigenous and non-native people.
Dr. Ruhma Syeda started postdoctoral research training at UCSD’s Division of Biological Sciences in October 2010. She is fascinated by the power of biological science to understand processes not only at cellular but at molecular and atomistic levels. She is currently researching a class of membrane proteins called “ion channels”. These are biological gate keepers of all the cells and regulate key electrical/physiological processes, such as ion transport, cell signaling, maintaining cell volume and membrane potential. Due to their critical physiological roles, ion channels are important pharmaceutical drug targets. The focus of Dr. Syeda’s work is to understand and characterize the functional properties of ion channels at a single molecule level. To achieve this, she creates a mimic of cell membrane by a novel technique called “Droplet interface bilayer”- a first at UCSD.
Recently a family of mechano-sensitive channels (called Piezo proteins) were identified and characterized. These large membrane proteins — conserved from animals, plants, and protozoa — embody the long-sought-after mechanically activated ion channels. Dr. Syeda helped identify single channel properties of the purified Piezo1 protein after reconstitution in lipid bilayers providing compelling evidence that Piezo are pore forming ion channels, a scientific breakthrough. Aside from her research in the lab, she feels privileged to be a patient advocate volunteer at UCSD Medical Center in Hillcrest.
Dr. Andreas Goetz joined UC San Diego as postdoctoral scholar in June 2009 and is currently a Project Scientist at UC's San Diego Supercomputer Center (SDSC). Prior to this he worked as postdoctoral researcher in the Theoretical Chemistry department of the VU University of Amsterdam. He received his PhD in Theoretical Chemistry at the University of Erlangen in Germany.
The work of Dr. Goetz combines aspects of (bio)chemistry, physics, numerical mathematics and high performance computing. He develops and applies software (AMBER and ADF) for atomistic simulations of the properties of materials and enzymes based on classical and quantum mechanics. In a collaboration with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory he is working on finding ways to reduce the cost of enzymatic bioetahnol production.
Dr. Goetz holds a UCSD TRO award to characterize reactions that play a critical role in influencing the chemical composition of the atmosphere.
Dr. Goetz enjoys to train students and researchers and has organized workshops demonstrating the use of the software he develops at SDSC and at East China Normal University in Shanghai.
Mikolaj Czajkowski is a Visiting Scholar from Poland in the Department of Economics. His research is devoted to quantitative analysis of consumers’ preferences. Modeling consumers’ preferences is crucial to explaining consumers’ motives, including the analysis of their rationality and decision rules they use. It also has practical importance to forecast consumers’ choices in markets and designing optimal characteristics of new private and public goods.
Mikolaj's research involves conducting stated preference data from so called "choice experiments," where respondents make choices from mutually exclusive sets of alternatives in a hypothetically constructed scenario. In each choice situation, the choice alternatives are described in terms of different levels of attributes associated with each alternative and, on the basis of experimental design, the alternatives are made to vary between choice situations. By observing the changes in respondents' stated choices with variation in the choice situations, the effects of the attributes on the choices can be derived.
In essence, this method allows one to estimate parameters of utility functions of respondents (i.e. to formally model their preferences), to simulate their market behavior and welfare changes in case a new good is introduced, and to design an optimal mix of attributes that consumers demand. In particular, Mikolaj’s research focuses on statistical methods to model heterogeneity of consumers’ preferences – the fact that consumers have different tastes and hence they may perceive and value the attributes of a good in different ways, and to account for uncertainty associated with consumers’ preferences and choices.
Dr. Yuvraj Agarwal is a Research Scientist in the department of Computer Science and Engineering at UC San Diego. He is the Director of the SYNERGY — Systems, Networking and Energy Efficiency — Lab at UC San Diego (www.synergylabs.org). He is also the Executive Director of the new NSF Expeditions Center in Variability).
Dr. Agarwal completed his Ph.D. in September 2009 from UC San Diego, doing research in the area of power and energy management. His earlier work looks at mobile platforms with multiple radios, exploring techniques that use the diversity provided by these heterogeneous radios in order to improve battery lifetime.
His most recent work looks at innovative ways to save energy in mains-powered devices such as PCs and servers by enabling them to "talk-in-their-sleep." He is currently leading an effort in CSE to set up a fine grained energy monitoring and management infrastructure for the department building as part of a larger campus-wide energy effort called the Energy Dashboard. His areas of interest are at the intersection of Systems and Networking and Embedded Systems, and he is particularly excited about research problems that benefit from using hardware insights to build more scalable and efficient systems.
Rina Schul is a visiting scholar from Israel. She first came to the U.S. as a Fulbright post-doctoral fellow to receive training in neuropsychological research. During the process, she fell in love with clinical applications. To pursue her passions she earned a second doctorate (this time in the U.S.) in Clinical Psychology with a subspecialty in Clinical Neuropsychology.
Dr. Schul then returned to Israel where she worked in the Israeli Center for the Treatment of Psychotrauma, providing care to survivors of a variety of traumatic experiences (e.g., terror attacks, car accidents, medical traumas, among others). This invaluable experience led her way back to UCSD. Dr. Schul currently works at the UCSD Counseling and Psychological Services providing therapy, crisis intervention, outreach and consultation to the student population as well as to the staff and faculty who work with them.
Dr. Schul also serves as a Health Sciences Clinical Professor in the Department of Psychiatry, teaching undergraduate and graduate students classes on psychological trauma and recovery as well as resiliency. She thus combines her passion for clinical work with her love for teaching and applies her expertise in the field of trauma.
Last but not least, Dr. Schul works closely with international students, helping them acclimate and adjust to the university and American culture, more generally.
Dr. Shachar Lovett is an expert in computational complexity originally from Israel. As a faculty member at UC San Diego, he studies the foundations of computer science and how computational problems can be efficiently solved. "As the scientific, engineering, and life sciences communities continue to be transformed by new, ever larger data sets, the motivation for designing very efficient algorithms to manipulate, store, and transfer data is becoming ever more clear...specifically, I study how the interplay between structure and randomness plays a central role in algorithm design and analysis." Lovett was recently awarded the prestigious Sloan Research Fellowship in 2015.